Tra từ gallery - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

gal·lery [gallery galleries] BrE [ˈɡæləri] NAmE [ˈɡæləri] noun (pl. gal·leries)
1. a room or building for showing works of art, especially to the public
•an art/a picture gallery
•the National Gallery
see also ↑art gallery
2. a small private shop/store where you can see and buy works of art
3. an upstairs area at the back or sides of a large hall where people can sit
•Relatives of the victim watched from the public gallery as the murder charge was read out in court.
see also ↑press gallery
4. the highest level in a theatre where the cheapest seats are
5. a long narrow room, especially one used for a particular purpose
see also ↑shooting gallery
6. a level passage under the ground in a mine or ↑cave
Idiom: ↑play to the gallery

Word Origin:
late Middle English (in senses 5 and 6): via Old French from Italian galleria ‘gallery’, formerly also ‘church porch’, from medieval Latin galeria, perhaps an alteration of galilea ‘Galilee’.

Culture:
art galleries and museums of art
In Britain, works of art are displayed in art galleries and, especially outside London, in ↑museums. Shops that sell paintings are also called galleries. In the US public art collections are displayed in art museums, and a gallery is a place where people go to buy works of art.
Many galleries and museums in Britain and the US receive limited financial support from national or local government. Other money is raised through admission fees, although admission to many British museums is free, and the sale of postcards, calendars, etc. Some galleries obtain money through sponsorship. Many works of art are expensive and galleries can rarely buy them without organizing a public appeal or, in Britain, asking for money from the ↑National Art Collections Fund.
Visiting an art gallery is a popular leisure activity. Galleries and museums are friendlier places than they used to be. Many try to encourage children’s interest in art by arranging school visits and many people make their first trip to an art museum with their school class.
The most popular galleries in Britain, all in London, are the ↑National Gallery, the ↑National Portrait Gallery, ↑Tate Britain and ↑Tate Modern. The Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of paintings sent in by the general public also receives a lot of visitors. Sculpture attracts less attention, and though the names of Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth are known to many people, few could describe any of their works. Well-known galleries outside London include the ↑National Gallery of Scotland in Edinburgh and the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.
Important art museums in the US include the ↑Metropolitan Museum of Art, the ↑Museum of Modern Art and the ↑Guggenheim Museum, all in New York, and the ↑Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. Most US cities and many smaller towns have art museums.
Galleries sometimes mount exhibitions of the paintings of one artist, e.g. Turner, that are brought together from all over the world. People are prepared to queue for a long time to see them. Many people admire old masters, famous works by great artists of the past, but have little interest in modern art. New works receive publicity in the media only when they are unusual or likely to shock people. Galleries and museums try to encourage a more positive attitude to modern art but many people remain doubtful. When the Tate displayed half a cow and its calf rotting in formaldehyde (= a chemical used to preserve it), the public criticized the artist, Damien Hirst. There is usually controversy about the winners of the ↑Turner Prize
Some exhibitions bring together all kinds of art, not only paintings, from a particular time or country so that people can learn about it. Exhibitions on subjects such as the Aztecs, ↑art nouveau and the art of Turkey attract large crowds.

Collocations:
Fine arts
Creating art
make a work of art/a drawing/a sketch/a sculpture/a statue/engravings/etchings/prints
do an oil painting/a self-portrait/a line drawing/a rough sketch
create a work of art/an artwork/paintings and sculptures
produce paintings/portraits/oil sketches/his most celebrated work/a series of prints
paint a picture/landscape/portrait/mural/in oils/in watercolours/(especially US) in watercolors/on canvas
draw a picture/a portrait/a cartoon/a sketch/a line/a figure/the human form/in charcoal/in ink
sketch a preliminary drawing/a figure/a shape
carve a figure/an image/a sculpture/an altarpiece/reliefs/a block of wood
sculpt a portrait bust/a statue/an abstract figure
etch a line/a pattern/a design/a name into the glass
mix colours/(especially US) colors/pigments/paints
add/apply thin/thick layers of paint/colour/(especially US) color/pigment
use oil pastels/charcoal/acrylic paint/a can of spray paint
work in bronze/ceramics/stone/oils/pastels/watercolour/a wide variety of media
Describing art
paint/depict a female figure/a biblical scene/a pastoral landscape/a domestic interior
depict/illustrate a traditional/mythological/historical/religious theme
create an abstract composition/a richly textured surface/a distorted perspective
paint dark/rich/skin/flesh tones
use broad brush strokes/loose brushwork/vibrant colours/a limited palette/simple geometric forms
develop/adopt/paint in a stylized manner/an abstract style
Showing and selling art
commission an altarpiece/a bronze bust of sb/a portrait/a religious work/an artist to paint sth
frame a painting/portrait
hang art/a picture/a painting
display/exhibit modern art/sb's work/a collection/original artwork/ drawings/sculptures/a piece
be displayed/hung in a gallery/museum
install/place a sculpture in/at/on sth
erect/unveil a bronze/marble/life-size statue
hold/host/mount/open/curate/see (especially BrE) an exhibition/(NAmE usually) exhibit
be/go on (BrE) exhibition/(NAmE) exhibit
feature/promote/showcase a conceptual artist/contemporary works
collect African art/modern British paintings/Japanese prints
restore/preserve a fresco/great works of art

Example Bank:
•He offered ten major paintings to start a national gallery of modern art.
•I found myself in a wide gallery looking down on the floor below.
•Some of his work has been exhibited by local art galleries.
•The building will provide plenty of new gallery space.
•The extension will provide 600 square metres of new gallery space.
•The packed public gallery at Teesside Crown Court erupted in a roar of approval.
•The painting is now on display at the National Gallery in London.
•There is also an extensive gallery of photos.
•There were very few people in the gallery.
•a fabulous gallery housing the work of major artists
•a gallery specializing in ceramics