Tra từ paper - Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

paper [paper papers papered papering] noun, verb BrE [ˈpeɪpə(r)] NAmE [ˈpeɪpər]
noun

FOR WRITING/WRAPPING
1. uncountable (often in compounds)the thin material that you write and draw on and that is also used for wrapping and packing things
•a piece/sheet of paper
•a package wrapped in brown paper
•recycled paper
• She wrote her name and address on a slip (= a small piece) of paper.
• Experience is more important for this job than paper qualifications (= that exist on paper, but may not have any real value).
•paper losses/profits (= that are shown in accounts but which may not exist in reality)
•This journal is available in paper and electronic form.
see also ↑notepaper, ↑wrapping paper, ↑writing paper

NEWSPAPER
2. countable a newspaper
•a local/national paper
•a daily/evening/Sunday paper
• I read about it in the paper.
• Have you seen today's paper?
•The papers (= newspapers in general) soon got hold of the story.

DOCUMENTS
3. papersplural pieces of paper with writing on them, such as letters, pieces of work or private documents
• His desk was covered with books and papers.
• I found these documents among my father's papers after his death.
4. papersplural official documents that prove your identity, give you permission to do sth, etc
•divorce/identification papers
• Immigration officials will ask to see your papers.
see also ↑walking papers, ↑working paper

EXAM
5. countable (BrE)a set of exam questions on a particular subject; the answers that people write to the questions
• The Geography paper was hard.
•She spent the evening marking exam papers.

ARTICLE
6. countable an academic article about a particular subject that is written by and for specialists
•a recent paper in the Journal of Medicine
•She was invited to give a paper (= a talk) on the results of her research.
see also ↑Green Paper, ↑Order Paper, ↑position paper, ↑White Paper, ↑working paper (¹)
7. countable (NAmE)a piece of written work done by a student
•Your grade will be based on four papers and a final exam.
see also ↑term paper

ON WALLS
8. countable, uncountable paper that you use to cover and decorate the walls of a room
•The room was damp and the paper was peeling off. There are many other compounds ending in paper. You will find them at their place in the alphabet.
more at put pen to paper at ↑pen _n., not worth the paper it's written/printed on at ↑worth _adj.

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French papir, from Latin papyrus ‘paper-reed’, from Greek papuros The verb dates from the late 16th cent.

Thesaurus:
paper noun
1. C
•The papers soon got hold of the story.
newspaper • • daily • • weekly • • journal • |BrE broadsheet • |sometimes disapproving tabloid •
a local paper/newspaper/daily/tabloid
a national paper/newspaper/daily/broadsheet
publish/read a paper/newspaper/daily/weekly/journal
Paper or newspaper? Newspaper can only be shortened to paper when it is clear what is being talked about:
•a scrapbook of newspaper cuttings
✗ a scrapbook of paper cuttings
2. papers pl.
•I signed all the necessary papers.
document • • paperwork • • deed • • file • • archive • |formal dossier •
(a) personal/secret papers/documents/file/archive/dossier
(a/an) official/government/state papers/document/file/archive
keep papers/a document/the paperwork/the deeds/a file/an archive/a dossier
leak/release papers/a document/a file
3. papers pl.
•We had to show our papers at the border.
documentation • • ID • • authorization • • permit • • credentials • • certificate • |BrE licence • |AmE license •
(an) official papers/documentation/authorization/permit/certificate/licence
have (a) papers/documentation/ID/authorization/permit/credentials/certificate/licence
see/check sb's papers/documentation/ID/authorization/permit/credentials/certificate/licence
show/present your papers/documentation/ID/credentials/certificate/licence
4. C
•a recent paper in the Journal of Medicine
essay • • article • • thesis • • dissertation • • assignment • |formal treatise • |technical monograph • |sometimes disapproving tract •
a/an paper/essay/article/thesis/dissertation/treatise/monograph/tract on sth
a/an paper/essay/article/thesis/dissertation/treatise/monograph about sth
write/read a/an paper/essay/article/thesis/dissertation/assignment/treatise/monograph/tract

Collocations:
Scientific research
Theory
formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis
build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model
develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework
advance/argue/develop the thesis that…
explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis
make a prediction/an inference
base a prediction/your calculations on sth
investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model
Experiment
design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test
do research/an experiment/an analysis
make observations/measurements/calculations
carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials
run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials
repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis
replicate a study/the results/the findings
observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour/(especially US) a behavior
fund/support the research/project/study
seek/provide/get/secure funding for research
Results
collect/gather/extract data/information
yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results
analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen
consider/compare/interpret the results/findings
fit the data/model
confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings
prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem
draw/make/reach the same conclusions
read/review the records/literature
describe/report an experiment/a study
present/publish/summarize the results/findings
present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal

Example Bank:
•Be prepared to show your identity papers at the border.
•Do you have a copy of yesterday's paper?
•Do you take a daily paper?
•Fold the paper in half.
•Freud first mentioned this concept in his paper ‘On Narcissism’.
•He crumpled the paper into a ball.
•He kept a paper copy of his account information.
•He shuffled the papers on his desk.
•I did well on the oral but not on the written paper.
•I made some notes on a piece of scrap paper.
•I read about his arrest in the paper.
•I screwed up the paper and threw it away.
•I scribbled down his number on a scrap of paper.
•I stared at the blank paper, not knowing how to start the letter.
•I wrote a term paper on eating disorders.
•I've had nothing on paper to say that I've been accepted.
•I've had nothing on paper= in writing to say that I've been accepted.
•I've thought about what I'm going to write, but I haven't yet put pen to paper.
•Many kids do a paper round.
•Many kids have paper routes.
•Scraps of wrapping paper were scattered around.
•She got a job on the local paper.
•Teresa signed the adoption papers.
•The Post Office has a special rate for printed paper.
•The essay filled seven sides of A4 paper.
•The exam papers are set by experienced teachers.
•The paper comes out every Saturday.
•The paper looks at the future of primary school education.
•The paper reported that several people had seen UFOs.
•The story got into the papers.
•There was paper strewn all over the floor.
•This paper reports the results of a two-year field experiment.
•This report is a waste of paper.
•What paper do you usually read?
•You may now turn over your papers.
•You must not write on the question paper.
•a brown paper package of books
•a pack of rolling papers
•a packet of cigarette papers
•a paper on the development of the novel
•a roll of kitchen paper
•legal papers filed in London
•pieces of loose paper
•the advantages of paper maps over online maps
•the questions in the physics paper
•today's edition of the paper
•Have you seen today's paper?
•She was invited to give a paper on the results of her research.
•The assessment consists of three written papers, an oral and a dissertation.
•The papers soon got hold of the story.
•Their findings were published in a recent paper in the Journal of Applied Psychology.
Idiom: ↑on paper
Derived: ↑paper over something

verb ~ sth
to decorate the walls of a room by covering them with ↑wallpaper
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French papir, from Latin papyrus ‘paper-reed’, from Greek papuros The verb dates from the late 16th cent.