retirement

Từ điển Oxford Advanced Learner 8th

re·tire·ment [retirement retirements] BrE [rɪˈtaɪəmənt] NAmE [rɪˈtaɪərmənt] noun
1. uncountable, countable the fact of stopping work because you have reached a particular age; the time when you do this
• At 60, he was now approaching retirement.
• Susan is going to take early retirement (= retire before the usual age).
•retirement age
•This year we have seen the retirements of several senior personnel.
•a retirement pension
2. uncountable, singular the period of your life after you have stopped work at a particular age
•to provide for retirement
• We all wish you a long and happy retirement.
• Up to a third of one's life is now being spent in retirement.
3. uncountable ~ (from sth) the act of stopping a particular type of work, especially in sport, politics, etc
• He announced his retirement from football.
• She came out of retirement to win two gold medals at the championships.

Culture:
retirement
In Britain most people retirein their sixties. The majority of men retire at 65. The retirement age for women used to be 60, but now many women retire at 65. Some people take early retirement (= choose to retire early) from about 50.
In the US the usual retirement age is also 65. People can choose to retire earlier but may get less money from their ↑pension. In the US, the phrase early retirement suggests that retirement has been proposed by a person’s employer as an alternative to them being made redundant (= unemployed). Companies do this sometimes when they need to reduce the number of people working for them. Since older people are usually paid more than younger ones, the company may ask them to retire and hire younger people to replace them. A few people choose to continue working after the age of 65, though some employers require employees to retire between 65 and 70.
When somebody retired after many years with the same employer they used to be given a present by the company. Traditionally this was a gold watch or a clock. Now, few people work for the same company for all their working lives and do not receive a present from their employer. Instead, their colleagues contribute money for a present and organize a party.
A person’s quality of life in retirement depends largely on the amount of money they have. Many receive pensions, some have savings in the bank. In Britain people have at least a basic pension from the state. In the US most people can receive ↑social security benefits, and can get government help in paying for their medical care. Many retired people have to live on a fixed income and find retirement hard.
Now that older people have better health and live longer, people over retirement age are becoming an increasingly important economic and social force. The number of retired people in Britain and the US is growing, and through organizations like the ↑American Association of Retired Persons and, in Britain, the National Pensioners Convention, they have increased power to demand the services they need and the rights they deserve. This is sometimes referred to as ‘grey power’.

Collocations:
The ages of life
Childhood/youth
be born and raised/bred in Oxford; into a wealthy/middle-class family
have a happy/an unhappy/a tough childhood
grow up in a musical family/an orphanage; on a farm
be/grow up an only child (= with no brothers or sisters)
reach/hit/enter/go through adolescence/puberty
be in your teens/early twenties/mid-twenties/late twenties
undergo/experience physical/psychological changes
give in to/succumb to/resist peer pressure
assert your independence/individuality
Adulthood
leave school/university/home
go out to work (at sixteen)
get/find a job/partner
be/get engaged/married
have/get a wife/husband/mortgage/steady job
settle down and have kids/children/a family
begin/start/launch/build a career (in politics/science/the music industry)
prove (to be)/represent/mark/reach a (major) turning point for sb/in your life/career
reach/be well into/settle into middle age
have/suffer/go through a midlife crisis
take/consider early retirement
approach/announce/enjoy your retirement
Old age
have/see/spend time with your grandchildren
take up/pursue/develop a hobby
get/receive/draw/collect/live on a pension
approach/save for/die from old age
live to a ripe old age
reach the grand old age of 102/23 (often ironic)
be/become/be getting/be going senile (often ironic)
die (peacefully)/pass away in your sleep/after a brief illness

Collocations:
Jobs
Getting a job
look for work
look for/apply for/go for a job
get/pick up/complete/fill out/ (BrE) fill in an application (form)
send/email your (BrE) CV/(NAmE) résumé/application/application form/covering letter
be called for/have/attend an interview
offer sb a job/work/employment/promotion
find/get/land a job
employ/ (especially NAmE) hire/recruit/ (especially BrE) take on staff/workers/trainees
recruit/appoint a manager
Doing a job
arrive at/get to/leave work/the office/the factory
start/finish work/your shift
do/put in/work overtime
have/gain/get/lack/need experience/qualifications
do/get/have/receive training
learn/pick up/improve/develop (your) skills
cope with/manage/share/spread the workload
improve your/achieve a better work-life balance
have (no) job satisfaction/job security
Building a career
have a job/work/a career/a vocation
find/follow/pursue/ (especially NAmE) live (out) your vocation
enter/go into/join a profession
choose/embark on/start/begin/pursue a career
change jobs/profession/career
be/ (both especially BrE) work/go freelance
do/take on temp work/freelance work
do/be engaged in/be involved in voluntary work
Leaving your job
leave/ (especially NAmE) quit/resign from your job
give up work/your job/your career
hand in your notice/resignation
plan to/be due to retire in June/next year, etc.
take early retirement

Example Bank:
•After her retirement from the stage she began to drink.
•He has a good retirement income.
•He is going to come out of retirement for this one last concert.
•He provided for a comfortable retirement by selling the business.
•He remained in the post until his retirement last year.
•Her official retirement date is March 12.
•His father was now living in retirement in France.
•I intend to spend my retirement playing golf.
•I've been thinking about where I might like to spend my retirement years.
•In 1996 health problems forced her retirement.
•It was their final concert before entering retirement.
•She announced her impending retirement.
•She has found a new hobby in her retirement.
•She took voluntary retirement in 2001.
•She's saving for her retirement.
•Thanks to his diligence, his retirement portfolio is flourishing.
•The age of retirement for all employees is 60.
•The company suggested that he should take early retirement.
•The website helps you plan your retirement.
•They have about $14 800 in retirement savings.
•They presented him with a watch to mark his retirement.
•Your pension plan provides a cash lump sum at retirement.
•a gift from the company on his retirement
•compulsory retirement at 60
•helping you to plan your retirement
•her enforced retirement from the sport
•her retirement as sales director
•his official retirement in 2012
•his retirement from first-class cricket
•important matters like health care and retirement security
•investments to fund their retirement
•older adults who relocate to retirement communities
•retirement at age fifty
•the benefits of private retirement accounts
•to take early retirement